Unit 1

 What is AI?

Introduction to AI

AI is defined as “the ability of a computer or other machine to perform those activities [or tasks] that are normally thought to require intelligence.”

History

Let's begin by exploring the exciting history of artificial intelligence.

• 1936 – Alan Turing invented the Universal Machine (computer) as part of his effort to solve a puzzle.
• 1955 – Computer scientist Alan Newell, along with systems programmer John Clifford Shaw and economist Herbert Simon, developed Logic Theorist, a program engineered to mimic human problem-solving skills.
• 1955 – John McCarthy coined the term “artificial intelligence.”
• 1964 – Joseph Weizenbaum, professor at MIT, created ELIZA, a chatbot designed to show conversational skills.
• 1997 – IBM’s Deep Blue made history by defeating Gary Kasparov in a six-game chess match.
• 2011 – IBM’s Watson supercomputer defeated Jeopardy’s all-time champion Ken Jennings in a televised match.
• 2015 – Facebook’s DeepFace achieved 97.35% accuracy in facial recognition.
• 2018 – Google Duplex became a part of Google Assistant, which allowed for cross-platform actions like scheduling a haircut.
• 2019 – OpenAI’s GPT-2 achieved human-like performance in language processing, using deep neural networks.
• 2022 – ChatGPT, built on the GPT-3.5 and InstructGPT architectures, represented a significant advancement in natural language processing as it improves from human feedback through reinforcement learning, allowing for more nuanced and contextually appropriate responses.
• 2023 – Microsoft launched new AI-powered experiences such as the Microsoft Copilot and Copilot for Microsoft 365.